Everton Independent Research Data
LIVERPOOL AND EVERTON IN LEAGUE CUP
Friday, July 1, 1960. The Liverpool Daily Post
Rules for the new football League Cup competition, in which Everton and Liverpool will take part will be submitted to an extraordinary general meeting of the Football League in London on July 23 for ratification and there will be discussion of a letter from the Profession Footballers Association following recent meetings with the Football league and Football Association. The rules of the League Cup competition have been approved by the eight-six clubs having part. Absentees will be Wolverhampton who are involved in the European Cup, Tottenham, Arsenal, West Bromwich Albion, Sheffield Wednesday, and Luton Town, who did not think the tournament would be for the good of football owing to congestion of fixtures. The sums of the tournament are to provide added variety replace friendly games with competitive games and give players more money. It is believed that the competition with be a money spinner when it is established. There will be seven rounds in round one 42 clubs will be given byes and go forward into round two with the 22 winners of the first ties. These two rounds are to be completed to October Rounds three and four are scheduled for November and round five for December.
GAMES IN MID-WEEK
The semi-finals and final will be played later in the season, probably on a home and away basis on dates to be mutually arranged. All games will be in mid-week. An important feature of the rules, is a pool. Twenty per cent of the net takings at all matches will go into it for division among the clubs taking part, remaining 80 per cent will be equally divided between the clubs concerned in the tie. Each club will be entitled to pay a match fee not exceeding £3 and not less than £2 to each player in any tie or replay. Match bonuses are first four rounds, £4 each for a win; fifth round £8; semi-final, £20, final £25 with half the rate for a draw. Defeated semi-finalists can be paid £250 for the team; as talent money, defeated finalists £500 and Cup winners £750. It would be possible for a player in the Cup-winning team to make £356 in appearance bonus and talent money exclusive of drawn games. Defeated finalists would get up to £110 each. The Management Committee are strongly against football money going out of the country in the form of big guarantees to noted clubs like Real Madrid and Barcelona. Their view is that this tournament would keep the cash within the League and thereby benefit English football.
BOURNEMOUTH PAY £5,000 FOR JOHN KING
Friday, July 1, 1960. The Liverpool Echo and Evening Express
EVERTON WING HALF DECIDES ON TRANSFER TODAY
SHACKLETON ALSO GOES
By Michael Charters
Bournemouth the Third Division club manager by Mr. Don Welsh, the former Liverpool manager, have signed John King the 21-years-old Everton wing half who played 26 First Division games last season. King and his wife (they were married a fortnight ago went to Bournemouth yesterday to meet Mr. Welsh who was at the station to greet them last night and see them accommodated in a hotel. Today they inspected houses and later the player signed. The fee is about £5,000. Although King has lived in the Halewood area since childhood, he was born in London and has many relatives in the South. He told me a few weeks ago that he would like to join a club down there. King, who makes up for his lack of height and weight with a 100 per cent willingness, played many fine games for Everton last season. It was a surprise when he was placed on the transfer list. Had King decided against Bournemouth favourites to sign him would have been Tranmere Rovers who also made an offer to Everton.
SHACKLETON GOES
Alan Shackleton the Everton centre forward signed for Nelson, the Lancashire Combination club shortly after midnight when his contract with Everton expired. He joined Everton from Leeds United, early last season for a fee of about £8,000 and took over as leader from Dave Hickson a move which proved the fore-runner of Hickson's eventual transfer to Liverpool. Shackleton was previously with Burnley and thus after playing for three First Division clubs in two years, he now finds himself in non-League football. His signing for Nelson means that Everton lose any chance of recouping any of the fee they paid for him, but if he re-joined a League club, Everton would then receive a fee. Shackleton occupied a club house at Maghull with his wife a former beauty queen, but will now be living at Burnley, his home town with is near Nelson. Everton tried Shackleton on the left wing for a few games last season but the arrival of Tommy Ring and the successful switch of Jimmy Harris to centre forward meant his relegation to the reserves. He is only 25 and his experience, plus strength should prove a great asset to Nelson.
Prescot have signed Jimmy Cavanagh who has been on Everton's books.
EVERTON PLAYERS ON THE MOVE
Saturday, July 2, 1960. The Liverpool Daily Post
By Horace Yates
Bournemouth yesterday signed John King the Everton half-back for a fee of about £5,000 a bargain I do not think they are likely to regret. I am surprised that King has had to step down from First to Third Division football for many of his displays for Everton stamped him as a talented player, handicapped only by physical shortcomings. Tranmere Rovers were among several clubs who have shown interest in King and if he had to go into Third Division football the pity is that he could not have found his way to Prenton Park.
After skipping between Burnley, Leeds United and Everton in a period of two years transfer-listed Alan Shackleton yesterday signed for Lancashire Combination club, Nelson. Shackleton who married a Burnley girl, was keen to move back to that area and though he would have preferred to remain in League football the Everton forward will be happy to return to live in Burnley.
Jimmy O'Neill, Everton's Irish International goalkeeper expects to hear any day now the decision of the Football League regarding his application for a reduction of the £7,500 fee which Everton were asking for him. If there is a substantial cut O'Neill will probably find a new club very quickly.
TRANMERE SIGN STAN BILLINGTON
Tuesday, July 5, 1960. The Liverpool Echo and Evening Express
FOUR FIGURE TRANSFER
EVERTON MAN
By Michael Charters
After a weeks of negotiations, Tranmere Rovers today signed Everton reserve centre-half or full back Stan Billington for a four figure fee. Billington a six footer, lives in Wallasey and other clubs have been interested in him. He joined Everton from school turning professional when he was 17. He has never played in the first team but was a regular in the Central League. He comes from a well-known Wallasey sporting family and his brother plays Rugby for New Brighton and Cheshire.
WHEN EVERTON DROPEPD A STAR ON FINAL DAY
Tuesday, July 7, 1960. The Liverpool Echo and Evening Express
By Michael Charters
Football fans have long memories and the report last week of the death of George ("Smiler") Wilson an Everton forward around 1907-7 has brought the old-timers into reminiscent mood. Wilson was famous for a controversy surrounding the Cup Final of 1907, when Everton played Sheffield Wednesday at Crystal Palace, having won the Cup the previous year by defeating Newcastle United 1-0. It has taken some searching to ascertain the facts about Wilson which were sensational at the time, but I have found a copy of the Everton programme for that season, and have been helped by Harry Cooke, the famous veteran Everton trainer still at Goodison Park, who knew Wilson well. Wilson was signed from Hearts with his brother Dave, the combined fee being £800-the programme editor commenting; "About £5 of that would be for Dave," although signed as an outside left from the Scottish club, George Wilson played at inside left for Everton, the forward line during the 1906-7 season usually reading; Sharp, Settle, Young, Wilson, Hardman. Wilson was a brilliant player, clever, yet with a good shot, and one reader tells me that "Real Madrid had nothing on that forward line." On the morning of the Cup Final in London Wilson was mysteriously dropped and Bolton brought in at inside right. Settle moving over as partner to Harold Hardman, now chairman of Manchester United. This was the same attack which played against Newcastle the previous year, but Bolton had a poor game and Wednesday won 2-1.
REFUSED TO RE-SIGN
It took a long time for the reasons behind the dramatic forward change to be revealed. Eventually it transpired that Everton had dropped Wilson because he refused to re-sign for the following season unless Everton re-signed brother Dave as well. Everton did not want Dave, and George Wilson alleged that the club had promised them both at least three years at Goodison Park. Neither brother played for Everton again, George Wilson moving first to an Irish club and later to Newcastle United. You can imagine the sensation at the time as Everton dropped a match-winning forward only a few hours before the Cup Final. An Everton player gave George Wilson his Cup medal because he thought the Scot had earned it-it made headline news in those days.
My thanks go to old-time reader A.E Jones of Snaefell Avenue, Liverpool 13; T. Mulrenan of Mill Lane Wallasey; H. Gibbens of Edbinburgh Road, Liverpool 7; and J. Wilson of Stanley road, Bootle for their letters. Mr. Gibbens saw the Final in question, while Mr. Jones says the rest of the team showed their disappointment at Wilson's absence by coming late on to the pitch, stepping over the ropes in casual fashion, while Wednesday's players vaulted on-already half-way to victory, he adds.
EVERTON HAVE ARRNAGED DUTCH TOUR
Monday, July 11, 1960. The Liverpool Echo and Evening Express
FIXTURES NOT SETTLED
NO PUBLIC TRIAL
By Leslie Edwards
Everton F.C., have arranged a short preseason tour of Holland. Final arrangements for fixtures are not complete but it is certain that the club will not be holding a public trail match. The first game at Goodison Park will be on Wednesday August 24 when Manchester United will be here.
REA'S REFUSAL
The only unsigned Everton player still looking for a club is Ken Rea the wing half-back. York City and Everton agreed terms for the player but Rea refused for personal reasons.
SENIOR CUP
The draw for the semi-finals of the Liverpool Senior Cup for the coming season has resulted; Everton v. Tranmere Rovers, Liverpool v Southport. Matches are to be played on dates mutually arranged by the clubs.
ANOTHER EVERTON PLAYER LEAVES
Tuesday, July 12, 1960. The Liverpool Echo and Evening Express
REA JOINS RUNCORN
LISTED AT £2,000
By Leslie Edwards
Yet another Everton player with a transfer fee on his head has joined a non-League club. This time it is Kenny Rea a wing half-back who had many first team appearances a season or two ago. Runcorn have signed him and if by chance their player manager Cyril Lello also an old Everton half-back give up playing, les would be an automatic choice as captain. Everton have listed Rea at a fee of £2,000. Another of their listed players, Alan Shackleton for whom they asked £8,000 went not long ago to non-League club Nelson. Everton and York City agreed terms for the transfer of Rea but the player refused to sign for the Yorkshire club on personal grounds.
FIELDING GOES TO LUTON TOWN
Friday, July 15, 1960 The Liverpool Daily Post
Wally Fielding, Southport's manager and former Everton inside forward has been appointed assistant trainer-coach to Luton and will take up his duties there later this month. He informed the Southport directors of this at a board meeting yesterday when his resignation was accepted. Although he has been happy enough during his stay in the north, Fielding is a native of London, and welcomed this chance of returning to a club within easy distance of his former home. His parents still reside on London. He began his playing career as an amateur with Charlton before the war, and was spotted by Mr. Jack Sharp, the Everton director then a major in the R.A.O.C when playing for an Army team in Italy. Following Mr. Sharp's report Fielding was signed by Everton in September 1945, on demobilisation and stepped into the first team twenty-four hours later playing against Preston North End at Preston.
ONE HONOUR
Charlton later asked for an inquiry into the signing on the grounds that he had been registered by them, but the Football Association absolved Everton from any blame and confirmed his registration with the Goodison Park Club. Twelve months later Fielding played for England against Scotland in a pre-season international match in aid of the Bolton Disaster Fund. This was the only representative honour which came his way but in the opinion of many good judges his play merited greater recognition and he was unlucky not to receive it. During his career with Everton he played in over 400 League and Cup games and although sometimes omitted from the team he was invariably recalled after only a short absence. Although he was aged 39 when appointed team manager of Southport in January of last year he played in the Fourth Division side regularly for the reminder of that season. Last winter, however, he turned out, only in cases of emergency. Despite being handicapped by lack of funds in his team-building aims, Fielding has already made some good signing for Southport at very moderate fees, in readiness for the coming campaign. Fielding was always a popular favourite and his ready wit made him just as entertaining of the field. He will carry the good wishes of all Merseyside sportsmen in his new appointment.
PLEA TO PLAYERS BY MR.MOORES
Monday, July 18, 1960. The Liverpool Echo and Evening Express
LET'S MAKE A DO OF IT
AT EVERTON
By Leslie Edwards
Muti-millionaire former Pools chief, Mr. John Moores, the new Everton Chairman met the club's players when they reported for training at Goodison Park this morning. In a speech which must have left the players in no doubt about his enthusiasm for the cause he said;-
"The main thing here is that we all want the same thing –a winning team and with that go bonuses, medals, and international honours for you. "I want Everton where they should be and I shall do everything I can to put them there. I ask you to help me. If we all do our best we should succeed. "I am new to football" continued Mr. Moores" but I have long experience in business. I want you to put your back into it and I will give you all the help I can. Do your best to make a successful 'do' of it." Manager John Carey who introduced Mr. Moores to players prior to a session of road-work told me that the only absentees among the professional staff were Bobby Collins and Alan Tyrer. Both had been given a few days leave of absence.
NEWLY-TURFED PITCH
Mr. Moores showed me the newly-turfed pitch which looked a picture and should pose no drainage problems. Mr. Moores is anxious to implement his wish that one director or other should attend each training session and he plans to visit Bellefield himself tomorrow. He wants players to feel that directors are taking a personal interest in them. There have been some staff changes, Mr. Ken Busby, a member of the office staff will be leaving shortly to take up a job in business; groundsman Ted Storey who, with trainer Harry Cooke was built in with the Goodison bricks has retired and his son, Alan is now chief groundsman.
DECISIVE MOVES
No big signings are anticipated for the time being, but the Moores' enthusiasm for a winning team is such that decisive moves will be made, and quickly, if they are necessary. Mr. Moores with his enthusiasm and interest in Everton and the expertise of Manager Carey should be formidable factors in helping to put Everton on the map.
PLEA FOR A BAND
Tuesday, July 19, 1960. The Liverpool Echo and Evening Express
An optimistic Evertonian, Mr. T.J. Clarkin of 122 Kirkstone Road, Litherland, is looking forward eagerly to a good send-off but has a few ideas to go with Everton's fine ground and new pitch. "Let us have a decent band playing before the match and during the interval" he pleads. "I am sure there would be many good bands, T.A or from works, who would help. There is nothing the crowd loves better. Also, let us have team changes sent round the ground on a board as they used to be. The present system is not nearly clear enough and, don't forget many who attend are deaf or hard of hearing."
My correspondent's points are valid. A board giving the changes is seen by everybody; not everybody hears a public-address announcement that is sometimes far from clear, I agree about bands too. Most of the London grounds have them. Many people tire of canned music and if Everton are aiming at top status in every way live music would seem to be necessity.
PLANS FOR EVERTON'S TOUR IN HOLLAND
Wednesday, July 20, 1960. The Liverpool Echo and Evening Express
PLAYING TWO MATCHES
By Leslie Edwards
Everton F.C., have completed plans to play two matches in Holland prior to the start of the season. They play Ado F.C at the Hague on August 10 and P.S.V Eindhoven on the following Saturday August 13. The party which is likely to comprise some 13 players and Manager John Carey and two directors all probably fly to The Hague from Manchester on Tuesday August 9. They will return on Sunday, August 14. "It will be a good thing for the lads to have two pipe-openers against good class teams." Said Mr. Carey. "Additionally we are not anxious to play on our new pitch at Goodison Park until it has had time to settle down." Bobby Collins returned for training today, a little sooner than he needed after having done a mission for the club. "Bobby's very keen to get cracking "said Mr. Carey. "The sooner he gets back into action the happier he'll be."
KRAMER AT AIGBURTH, EVERTON AT BOOTLE
Friday, July 22, 1960. The Liverpool Echo and Evening Express
By Leslie Edwards
Two engagements-one Lawn Tennis, the other Cricket-to tempt the sports fan in Liverpool on Monday evening. At the Liverpool cricket club's ground at Aigburth the visit of Jack Kramer's circus and at Wadham Road, Bootle (6-30) the first of a two-night cricket match between Bootle and Everton footballers. Professional footballers, pretty capable at most other forms of sport, should give cricket fans at Bootle a run for their money. Everton choose from Dunlop, Vernon, Parker, Lill, Gabriel, Tom Jones, Brian Harris, Ring, Labone, Temple, Harland and Bentley. Maybe those training sessions at Bellefield have included a little time for a knock at the nets?
PLEA FOR A BAND
A readers plea for bands at our two senior grounds instead of canned music used as an alternative has it seemed, been received with favour by fans. Bands used to be a feature at Goodison Park and Anfield in the past and whenever they are reintroduced for some special occasion they seem to go down well. A Liverpool band leader, Hal Graham, has been trying to persuade Everton to go a stage further by allowing him to use his orchestra at Goodison Park in the way the Americans use theirs on sports occasions with singers, a compere and personality approach to the home and visiting team.
The offer has been turned down with regret. Portsmouth, with a live band and the Pompey chimes to greet their team before and after the interval led the way in introducing the football signature tune, Everton's might well be My Blue Heaven, and Liverpool's that rousing Riff chorus from the Destert Song. Highbury's Metropolitan Police Band, is the best of all football, bands and one wonders why the Liverpool Police band, equality good if not comparable side, is not given opportunity to play occasionally at Anfield or Goodison Park.
COACHING IN THE LEBANON
Coventry Evening Telegraph - Saturday 23 July 1960
Harry Wright, former Everton, Luton Town and Walsall trainer, is now returning to his Job as coach in the Lebanon after three weeks leave in England. Harry, former goalkeeper of Derby County, Charlton and Colchester, is operating at Beirut, and his contract has been extended to December.
TERMS AGREED
Monday, July 25, 1960. The Liverpool Daily Post
STOKE CITY MAY SIGN O'NEILL
Jimmy O'Neill, Everton's Eire International goalkeeper may sign for Stoke City today. The clubs have agreed terms for his transfer and the Everton manager, Mr. John Carey, said last night that Stoke were seeing O'Neill today and if everything developed satisfactorily from the interview there was nothing to stop the deal. O'Neill was placed on Everton last season, but was re-signed on transfer list at the end of season. It now depends on his re-action to the latest proposal whether he leaves Goodison Park where he has been for so long. If he decides to join the Potteries Second Division club he will follow Tommy Younger the former Liverpool goalkeeper who signed for Stoke after leaving Falkirk where he was player-manager. At present Stoke and Younger are not seeing eye to eye over training questions. The fee involved if O'Neill transferred is not disclosed.
EVERTON PUT FORWARD THEIR NEW CLOCK
Monday, July 25, 1960. The Liverpool Echo and Evening Express
By Leslie Edwards
Everton F.C., whose policy for so many years has been broadly against displaying advertisements at Goodison Park; plan to start the new season by installing a huge clock like the one at the Arsenal ground, whose moving minute finger is visible to nearly everyone on the ground. The clock will, I understand, form part of an advertisement for a Pools firm. The income received each week from such a concession is considerable. The club clearly believe that the new clock will be an eye-catcher rather than an eyesore and that it will supplement the normal size clocks whose faces have been a feature of the two main stands for as long as I can remember. When Arsenal installed their famous clock at Highbuy it was stressed, if I remember rightly that it was there merely for the benefit of spectators. The referee's watch of course, gives the only time which counts. He is the sole arbiter of when a game ends or when a half is completed. The only advertisement Everton has countenanced in the past was the billboard carried round the ground before a match and during the interval detailing forthcoming Stadium boxing programmes.
A SPLENDID COACH
The Israel coach, David Locker, who is on a visit to this country was suitably impressed by the Everton ground and their facilities indoors and out. He and the Everton coach, Leslie Shannon, talked interminably about the game, about tactics and techniques during their trip to the F.A's course headquarters at Lilleshall. Shannon a son of this city who had to go to Burnley to prove himself as a player, as I maintain, one of the finest coaches in the business and while Everton have been forced to buy the ready-made product as a short-term plan they have under Leslie's care a great number of boys who are developing well and who must in due time, be right on the doorstep for a place in the first team. It is Leslie's job (and how well he knows it) to encourage rather than discourage, the individuality of the boys who have been keen enough about football to attend many summer sessions at Bellefield. Here he aims to show them that there are more ways than one of making a pass (and of masking their intentions) and that the Continentals who learned the game from us have now progressed to a stage when they can show us a thing or two-if we'll only learn!
He believes that fundamentally club teams in this country are as good as any elsewhere in the world, but that the top-flight players in many Continental sides are so clever and so good at keeping out of range of the tackle they leave our top-notchers some way behind. Like Liverpool, Everton have a big batch of young players registered and if only one or two of them prove their right to a first team place all the coaching spadework will be made worthwhile.
The appointment of Shannon was in my opinion, one of the best moves made by Manager John Carey. Shannon's success so far is best judged by the fact that the club were able to field, last season a Central league side with an average age of 17. This in itself may have no special merit, but the fact so many young men proved their ability to hold a place in a side of the sort means a great deal.
"RIDICULOUS"COMPARISON
Reader John Morgan, of 245 Borough Road, Birkenhead writes; "As a Liverpool supporter I say it is ridiculous to compare Liverpool's spending with Everton's. Let me sat at once that of the players mentioned Jackson, Twentyman, South, Molyneux, and White were all Third Division players; Slater was exchanged for Younger, Arnell and Bimpson were non league clubs. No fee was involved. In the case of Everton, Collins, Vernon, Parker, Ring, were internationals, Lill, Gabriel, O'Hara were all first-class players. Remember also that Liverpool have collected fees from other clubs for Saunders, South, Underwood, Lock, Bimpson, Payne, Jack Smith, Jackson, Baron. "In any case Liverpool's attitude about Charlton transfer proves that they have a limit to what they will pay.
"I sincerely hope Everton bring a little glory back to Merseyside and if Mr. Moores can do it then jolly good luck ton him. One gets fed up with the "mickey" being taken out of our local teams. As a Liverpool support, I am afraid I am unable to share Mr. Shankly's hopes for promotion. It is the same that has failed before. It lacks class in a number of positions. We are also entering another season with only one experienced goalkeeper.
O'NEILL INSPECTS HOUSES AT STOKE
Monday, July 25, 1960. The Liverpool Echo and Evening Express
MAY SIGN FOR CITY TODAY
TERMS AGREED
By Leslie Edwards
Jimmy O'Neill, the 28-years-old Eire and Everton goalkeeper travelled to Stoke to-day with his wife in order to inspect housing accommodation which would be available to him as a Stoke City player. Everton and Stoke agreed terms for the transfer over the week-end and it is expected that O'Neill will sign forms later today. He will follow into the Stoke City goal the former Liverpool and Scottish international, Tom Younger whose career with the Potteries club after a spell in managerial in Scotland lasted less than half a season. O'Neill played regularly in the Everton first team for many seasons before the arrival of Albert Dunlop, he was in the first team at the outset of the last season when an injury when playing for Eire in Dublin cost him his place. Dunlop has held the position every since. O'Neill was named among 14 Everton players available for transfer last May. A few weeks ago his club decided to offer him terms for next season. He came to Everton's notice in 1949 and was signed during Everton's Eire tour that summer after having played a trial at Goodison Park. In 1954 he married a Liverpool girl.
WHY LINDLEY JOINED CATTERICK AT SHEFFIELD
Thursday, July 28, 1960. The Liverpool Echo and Evening Express
By Leslie Edwards
Harry Catterick the former Everton centre forward who now managers Sheffield Wednesday has taken to his coaching staff Maurice Lindley an old contemporary in his Goodison Park days. Maurice long time and a real Yorkshire (Keighley) type, begins his new duties to-day. He will assistance the Wednesday first-team coach Tom Eggleston. Lindley was manager at Swindon and Crewe before he joined the coaching staff at Leeds United. Catterick told me "I was glad to be able to get Maurice because we have so many youngsters and unless they are getting coaching of the right sort their development is slow or even halted." The Wednesday chief whose team has had much successive over the past two seasons is still full of admiration for the football living public of this city. "They are greatest supporters of football in this country," he said, "and I wish the team they follow all success. These supporters of theirs deserve it." There must have been something in the air in the old days at Goodison Park to produce so many successful managers. Catterick has made a great success of the Wednesday post-though he is one of the least well-paid managers in Division 1-Joe Mercer established himself fist at Sheffield United and then at Villa and Harry Potts and the man who signed him from Burnley, Cliff Britton are both flourishing well. Harry at Burnley and Cliff at Preston. Considering that the best of players often fail as managers Everton record on the managers production line is remarkable.
A Liverpool fan Mr. D Lake to Manager John Carey at Everton "Send one of your many Clocks to Anfield. No players just the clock," We are badly in need of one.
TRAINING STINT TRIP TO FILM SHOW
Thursday, July 28, 1960. The Liverpool Echo and Evening Express
EVERTON AND LIVERPOOL
EUROPEAN CUP
By Leslie Edwards
Everton and Liverpool footballers broke training to see a film show of one of the greatest football matches ever played-the European Cup Final last May between Real Madrid and the German side, Eintracht from Frankfurt. Because the standard of play in this tie was so brilliant, so captivating the B.B.C offered clubs and soccer organisations opportunity to purchase a copy of the film of it at £36 a time. Everton and Liverpool brought copies which were shown to their players for the first time to-day.
AT GOODISON
Everton's showing was on their own apparatus at Goodison Park, Liverpool players saw the film at the Gas Board showrooms in Bold Street. Followers of both clubs who saw the European Cup final on television are hoping that a little of the brilliant individualism of such great players as Puskas and Gento will rub off on to the men they are destined to watch week by week, at Goodison Park and Anfield next season.
July 1960